Innovative Technologies for Remote Collection of Data
May 12–14, 2003
Hyatt Harborside Hotel
Boston, MA
This meeting was held in conjunction with the National Children’s Study, which is led by a consortium of federal agency partners: the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (including the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS], two parts of the National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The purpose of the workshop was to identify and evaluate innovative technologies for the remote measurement, collection, and transmittal of medical, biological, environmental, and exposure-related data for the National Children’s Study (Study). The workshop was structured around three workgroups:
These workgroups were chaired, respectively, by Richard Shiffman, M.D., Yale University; David Songco, NICHD, NIH, DHHS; and James J. Quackenboss, M.S., EPA.
Medical and Biological Measurements Workgroup
The workgroup reviewed the five thematic areas of the Study to focus their discussion on technologies that could be applied to medical and biological measurements. The five thematic areas are asthma, obesity and physical development, neurodevelopment and behavior, injury, and pregnancy outcomes.
The workgroup determined that there were several data and specimen collection processes that would be overarching among the thematic areas of the Study. The workgroup labeled these processes “big picture items” and determined that each of these items would need to be considered when developing the application of technology for data collection within each of the five thematic areas. The “big picture items” identified by the workgroup were:
Remote physiological measurements
Specimen collection
Health records collection (from physicians, pharmacists, and image information)
Other clinical sources
Genetic information.
The workgroup evaluated the different technologies that could be developed to obtain medical and biological measurements during the Study.
Key Findings of the Medical and Biological Measurements Workgroup
The workgroup evaluated the different technologies that could be developed to obtain medical and biological measurements during the National Children’s Study. The workgroup categorized the technologies using the following framework:
The availability of or time to develop the technology
– Currently available
– Short development time
– Long development time
The value quadrant of the technology to the Study
– 1 = high value and low effort
– 2 = high value and high effort
– 3 = low value and low effort
– 4 = low value and high effort
The burden that using the technology would impose on the participant or the provider
– 0 = none
– 1 = very low burden
– 2 = low burden
– 3 = high burden
– 4 = very high burden
– N/A = not applicable.
The following table lists only those technologies that have high value and low burden. The other technologies were deemed less desirable due to high effort or burden.
Technology | Time to Develop | Value Quadrant | Burden to Patient | Burden to Provider |
Physical Parameters |
Diaper sensors | Long | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Clothing sensors | Short | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Electronic game (child focused) | Long | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Home spirometry game package | Current | 1 | 1 or 2 | N/A |
Accelerometer | Short | 3 | 1 | N/A |
Accelerometer in helmet | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Accelerometer in shoe | Short | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Accelerometer in temporary tattoo | Current | 1 | 2 or 3 | N/A |
Diary | Current | 1 | 2 or 3 | N/A |
Specimen Collection |
Filter paper blood sample | Current | 1 | 2 | N/A |
Home chemistry kit, for example, cartridge analysis of urine | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
RF ID tracking | Current | 1 | 0 | N/A |
RF ID urine analysis | Short/Long | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Blood draws by experienced staff | Current | 2 | 2 or 3 | N/A |
Swab it and mail | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Hair—at home | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Semen | Current | 2 | 2 | N/A |
Milk | Current | 2 | 2 | N/A |
Primary Care Physician Medical Records and Pharmacy Records |
Electronic medical records | Current/Long | 2 | 0 | 2 or 3 |
Web | Current | 2 | 0 | 2 or 3 |
Personal data assistants (PDAs) | Current | 2 | 0 | 2 or 3 |
Photocopy and fax/scan | Current | 2 | 0 | 2 or 3 |
Abstraction by Study personnel | Current | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Interface to pharmacy database | Current | 2 | 0 | 1 or 2 |
Scannable bar code on prescriptions | Short | 2 | 1 | 1 or 2 |
Record to smart card for patient history record | Current/Long | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Images |
Pregnancy ultrasounds (2-D) | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Pregnancy ultrasounds (3-D) | Current | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Digitized spirometry signals | Current | 2 | 1 | N/A |
Noninvasive images of arteries to identify blood plaques in youngsters | Current | 3 | 1 | N/A |
Digital photos of neighborhoods | Current | 1 or 2 | 1 | N/A |
Images of birth defects | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Images for bone age | Current | 1 | 3 | N/A |
DEXA fat/lean mass | Current | 1 | 3 | N/A |
Bioimpedance assessment | Current | 3 | 1 | N/A |
| Current | | | N/A |
Genetic Information |
Buccal cells | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Blood current | Current | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Cord blood | Current | 1 or 2 | 0 | 2 |
Nails | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Mouthwash | Current | 1 | 1 | N/A |
Tissues as available | Current | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) | Current | 1 | 1 or 2 | N/A |
| | | | | | | | |
Data Collection Workgroup
The goals of the workgroup were to:
Discuss and discover innovative approaches to the collection of data that could benefit the Study
Determine data collection architectural directions that will facilitate the adoption of new technology
Establish criteria for evaluation of innovative data collection technologies in the Study
Define approaches to leverage technology to reduce respondent burden and improve retention of participants
Define parameters to improve and assure the quality of data.
The presentations by the invited workgroup members covered the following topics:
Criteria for evaluating innovative data collection technologies
Considerations in data architecture and data management
Lessons learned from multisite studies
Hybrid communications architecture networks
Secure centralized portals
Quality assurance considerations
Automated remote data collection
Leveraging technology to improve participant retention.
Key Findings of the Data Collection Workgroup